A 2.1. Holes
Holes can develop during all the stages of parchment production. In most cases, the holes develop when the parchment is stretched.
Mechanical damage tends to occur easily during the final stretching and scraping. The most frequent types of damage include cracks and holes, which were often repaired by darning in the process of producing the parchment.
Ürik TLA.230.1-ii.210, 1525. a.
Sakilise tera jäljed.
Sakilise servaga kraabitsale iseloomulike jooneliste töötlemisjälgedega pärgamendil on nähtav valmistamise käigus tekkinud ja koheselt kinni nõelutud auk. Pärgamendi paksus on 0,05-0,25mm, kraabitsa jälgede piirkonnas on paksus tunduvalt suurem, 0,4-0,45 mm.
The parchment with the linear processing marks characteristic of a scraper with a jagged edge has a visible hole that was created during the manufacturing process and was immediately sewn shut. The thickness of the parchment is 0.05-0.25 mm, in the area of the scratch marks the thickness is considerably larger, 0.4-0.45 mm.
Ürik TLA.230.1.cm4, 13. saj.
Auk.
Augud võivad tekkida pärgamendi valmistamise kõigis etappides. Lahti rebenenud, algselt kinni nõelutud auk, pärgamendis.
Holes can occur at all stages of parchment making. Torn open, originally pinned hole, in parchment.
Ürik TLA.230.1.cm8, 14. saj.
Auk.
Augud võivad tekkida pärgamendi valmistamise kõigis etappides. enamikel juhtudel nõeluti need augud koheselt kinni. Pärgamendi edasise venitamise käigus võisid parandused sageli lahti rebeneda.
Holes can occur at all stages of parchment making. in most cases, these holes were immediately stitched up. During the further stretching of the parchment, the corrections could often tear apart.
Ürik TLA.230.1-i, 1426.a.
Auk.
Augud võivad tekkida pärgamendi valmistamise kõigis etappides. Parandamata auk õhukeses pärgamendis läbivas valguses.
Holes can occur at all stages of parchment making. Unrepaired hole in thin parchment in light passing through.
Ürik TLA.1-i.608
Auk.
Augud ja lõhed võivad tekkida pärgamendi valmistamise kõigis etappides. Enamikel juhtudel nõeluti need augud koheselt kinni.
Holes and splits can occur at all stages of parchment making. In most cases, these holes were stitched up immediately.
Ürik TLA.230.1-iiiB.83,1531. a.
Auk.
Augud ja lõhed võivad tekkida pärgamendi valmistamise kõigis etappides.
Levinumad kahjustused on lõhed ja augud, mida pärgamendi valmistamise käigus sageli ka nõelumisega parandati.
Holes and splits can occur at all stages of parchment making.
The most common damages are splits and holes, which were often repaired with needling during the process of making the parchment.