A 1. Damages and characteristics that result from the properties of the skins
Here those damages and characteristics of parchment are dealt with that are visually discernible on the case of historical parchments, and the causes of which are related to the properties of the skins. These damages were also included that have resulted from not taking into account the differences in properties that can exist on a single skin when cutting a parchment sheet out of a skin and formatting it into a document, a folio, etc.
The properties of the skin can significantly impact the condition of the parchment when it is preserved and handled.
The damages and attributes in this category are:
A1 damage subcategories:
A 1.1. Follicle marks, hair holes
A 1.2. Axilla or the area where limbs are attached to the body
A 1.3. Skeletal evidence marks
A 1.4. Scar tissue
A 1.5. The size of the parchment document
A 1.6. Thickness based on the age of the animal
Example:
Ürik TLA.230.1-i.644,
1441. a.
Karvanääpsuaugud.
Karvanääpsuaukude muster pärgamendi verso poolel.
Pinhole pattern on verso side of parchment.
Ürik TLA.230.1-ii.220, 1508. a.
Jäsemete keha külge kinnitumise ala e. jäsemete ala.
Läbivas valguses on dokumenteeritud degradeerunud ala pärgamendi vasakus servas, mis on tunduvalt paksem ülejäänud pärgamendist.
Area of attachment of limbs to the body e. limb area.
Transmitted light documents a degraded area on the left side of the parchment that is considerably thicker than the rest of the parchment.
Ürik TLA.230.1-i.576, 1425. a.
Skeletimärkidega ala.
Pärgamendi välisilmet muutev ala verso poolel.
Jäsemete ja skeletimärkidega alas on nii nahk kui karvkate tihedam võrreldes ülejäänud naha piirkondadega. Sellest tulenevalt on nendes alades karvanääpsuaukude muster tihedam ja selle ala degradeerumine hästi nähtav.
The area on the verso that changes the appearance of the parchment.
In the area with limbs and skeletal markings, both skin and fur are denser compared to the rest of the skin. As a result, the pattern of hair follicle holes in these areas is denser and the degradation of this area is clearly visible.
Ürik TLA.230.1-i.855, 1498. a.
Skeletimärkidega ala.
Pärgamendi välisilmet muutev skeletimärkidega ala läbivas valguses.
An area with skeletal markings changing the appearance of the parchment in transmitted light.
Ürik TLA230.1.cm4. , 13.saj.
Armkude.
Armistunud haavand, mille pinna tekstuur (värvus, reljeef) erineb oluliselt pärgamendi pinnast. Armkoe ala on hästi eristatav läbivas valguses.
Keskaegsetesse koodeksitesse köidetud pärgamentlehtedel esineb sageli armkudet ja venitusauke.
A scarred ulcer whose surface texture (color, relief) is significantly different from the parchment surface. The area of scar tissue is well distinguished in transmitted light.
Parchment sheets bound in medieval codices often show scar tissue and stretch holes.
Ürik TLA.230.1-i.852.1496. a.
Armkude.
Üriku teksti alas nähtav armkude läbivas valguses. Tulenevalt armkoe erinevast pinna tekstuurist võib ka tindi adhesioon armkoel olla erinev võrreldes ülejäänud pärgamendi pinnaga.
The scar tissue visible in the text area of the document in transmitted light. Due to the different surface texture of the scar tissue, ink adhesion may also be different on the scar tissue compared to the rest of the parchment surface.
Ürik TLA230.1-i.587, 1428. a.
Pärgamendilehe suurus.
Suurte loomade nahkadest suuremõõduliste, õhukeseks lihvitud pärgamentide puhul on ürikud servades sageli väljaveninud ja kortsus. Kortsud on tekkinud väiksema tihedusega kõhuäärsete alade väljavenimisest.
In the case of large-scale, thinly ground parchments from the skins of large animals, the documents are often stretched and wrinkled at the edges. Wrinkles have arisen from the stretching of areas along the abdomen with lower density.
Ürik AM.115.2.19 1732. a.
Pärgamendilehe suurus.
Suurte pärgamendilehtede kahjustused on osaliselt määratletud ka sellega, millisest naha osast suuremõõduline pärgamendileht nahast välja lõigatakse.
Läbivas valguses dokumenteeritud suur ja ühtlase paksusega õhukene hästi säilunud pärgamendileht on väljalõigatud naha keskosast.
Large parchment lesions are also partially defined by the part of the skin where the large parchment is excised from the skin.
Documented in transmitted light, a large, thin, well-preserved parchment sheet of uniform thickness is cut from the center of the skin.
Ürik AM.115.1.40, 1510. a.
Paksus tulenevalt looma vanusest.
Õhuke, läbivas valguses ühtlaselt läbipaistev pärgament. See kvaliteedi tunnus on iseloomulik noorlooma nahast valmistatud pärgamendile.
Thickness due to the age of the animal.
Thin, uniformly transparent parchment in transmitted light. This quality feature is characteristic of parchment made from the skin of a young animal.